What types of damages are available in a case involving an injury caused by Paxil?

Paxil Injury Damages Drug Toxic Chemicals

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What types of damages are available in a case involving an injury caused by Paxil?

There are two types of cases that can arise as a result of using Paxil – either a personal injury case, brought by someone who was injured by the drug (for example, through a birth defect, failed suicide attempt, or an inability to stop using the drug), or a wrongful death suit, brought by the family of someone who either committed suicide or was the victim of a homicide that is linked to the use of Paxil. The damages available in these types of cases are similar to the types of damages available in any personal injury or wrongful death case.

The concept behind damages in a lawsuit, whether decided by a jury or by settlement, is to try to put the victim in the same position he or she would have been without the injury or death. Therefore, damages that reimburse the victim or his or her family for medical expenses, burial expenses, loss of work, or any other out-of-pocket type expenses are awarded. As a practical matter, this means collecting and documenting your lost income, your medical expenses (i.e., ER care, hospital, doctor, laboratory, diagnostic tests, therapy, etc.), travel expenses, and burial expenses.

There are other types of damages available as well, although they are not as easy to put an actual number on because of their nature. Damages for things such as pain and suffering, loss of economic opportunity, loss of benefits, loss of enjoyment of life, and loss of companionship (in a suit brought by a spouse) are some of the damages that your attorney will include in any settlement discussions or argument to the jury. While it is difficult to put an objective measurement, such as a dollar figure, on a subjective complaint, such as pain and suffering or loss of enjoyment of life, the courts, attorneys, and insurance adjusters all have a great deal of experience in working with these concepts. (See also our section on pain and suffering.) Depending on where your case is brought, there will probably be other similar cases that your attorney and the other side will rely on as a starting point for these damages.

A third type of damages that may be available is punitive damages, which would be used in these cases to punish GlaxoSmithKline for continuing to promote Paxil for use by children and adolescents, for not acknowledging the severe withdrawal symptoms, and for not sufficiently warning about the increased suicidal and homicidal tendencies caused by the drug. The question here will be whether GlaxoSmithKline acted so negligently that it should be punished for improper warnings and promotions. However, punitive damages are not allowed in every state and it can be very difficult to prove that your case deserves punitive damages. Talk with your attorney to see if requesting punitive damages might be appropriate in your case.

You may read about settlements and jury verdicts in other cases involving Paxil. While these can be informative, remember that different people receive different settlement offers and jury verdicts based on many things: where the case is brought, what the particular facts of a case are, who the insurance adjusters are, your character and credibility; extent of the injury, objective evidence, and, to some extent, who the attorneys are. Therefore, you should not necessarily think that your case will receive the same type of settlement award as another case. Depending on your case, your settlement offer may be higher or lower. You will have to work with your attorney to decide whether a particular offer is suitable or not.

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My son is going through a divorce. I am afraid that his wife will exclude us from seeing our grandchild. Can she do this?


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Grandchild Visitation Child Custody

My son is going through a divorce. I am afraid that his wife will exclude us from seeing our grandchild. Can she do this?

Grandparents are included in what Virginia refers to as parties with a “legitimate interest” in the law governing child visitation. The court also takes the child’s interests into account when it comes to deciding custody. The child’s relationship with his extended family including grandparents is one of the factors when custody is decided. In the event of a divorce the grandparents could intervene with a petition to request visitation. Interestingly, there is case law in Virginia that indicates that grandparents can be excluded from visitation when the family is intact. Still, married parents can exclude others from visitation based upon their right to raise their family in private and in their own manner.

You certainly have the opportunity to see your grandchildren when they are with your son. The court may allow additional visitation for you as well because in your case the family is not intact. Your son has input into the visitation arrangements for the children as well as the mother.

There is a brand new case from the Supreme Court of the United States that has effected grandparents’ visitation rights. It can also effect the Virginia law on this subject. In that case the mother had the ability to allow or disallow visitation with the grandchild because of her right to “privacy” in how she raised her child and was able to dictate the visitation rights. However, in that case the child’s father had died and the father was not involved. Your case is different in that your son is still involved in the decision.

If you wish to contest the matter you may want to seek separate counsel from your son to prevent a conflict and make sure your case is presented in your best interests.

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Which debts are discharged in bankruptcy?

debts discharged consumer bankruptcy

Which debts are discharged in bankruptcy?

The most common debts that you may get rid of are:

(1) utility bills

(2) some court judgments

(3) credit and charge card bills

(4) department store and gasoline company bills

(5) loans from family and friends

(6) newspaper and magazine subscriptions

(7) legal, medical and accounting bills,

(8) most unsecured loans (e.g., debts for which there is no collateral)

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Can expert witnesses be used in custody battles?


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Expert Cutody Battles Child Custody

Can expert witnesses be used in custody battles?

Because of their lack of familiarity and formal training in the field, often times judges will put much stock in the testimony and written recommendations of experts in custody disputes. Experts in the field of child psychiatry or psychology or mental health will perform custody evaluations of the family with written conclusions and recommendations to the court based on their observations. The evaluations will cover the activities of each parent, the home life, parenting skills, relationships to the child, and the child’s feelings and preferences. One of two possible outcomes will occur: the recommendation of the professional will be accepted by all parties (judges, lawyers, parents) or everyone goes off to court to let the judge make the decision.

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Can a creditor ask a debtor to reaffirm the debt?

creditor debtor bankruptcy-law

Can a creditor ask a debtor to reaffirm the debt?

Yes, this means that the creditor is asking that the debtor pay the debt anyway, even though it is eligible to be discharged in bankruptcy. A debtor may be willing to do this if there is a co-signer or guarantor of the debt (such as a family member, friend or employer) that the debtor does not wish to leave saddled with the debt. Also, a debtor may want to reaffirm a debt in order to avoid having a secured creditor take the collateral securing the debt. A creditor may also ask a debtor to reaffirm the debt before he (the creditor) will agree to do business with the debtor again. This only applies in Chapter 7 consumer bankruptcy. This will not usually happen in a business Chapter 7.

The decision to reaffirm a debt is voluntary; no law requires the debtor to do it. The debtor can also choose to pay a debt that has been discharged in bankruptcy without reaffirming the debt, which means that the lender has no legal rights to collect the debt. Reaffirmation agreements can’t impose an undue burden on you or your dependents and must be in your best interest.

A debt is reaffirmed in an agreement filed with the court within 60 days after the first meeting of the creditors in the bankruptcy case, also called the 341 meeting. Once you sign a reaffirmation agreement you have 60 days or until the judge issues the discharge order in your bankruptcy case to cancel the agreement.

It is important to remember that a reaffirmed debt is not wiped out (discharged) in bankruptcy. Once your bankruptcy order is filed and the debt is reaffirmed, you must pay the debt. If you don’t, the creditor can sue you for the balance owed or repossess the property in a secured debt.

(Reviewed 11.4.08)

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What is Chapter 12 bankruptcy?

chapter twelfth bankruptcy-law

What is Chapter 12 bankruptcy?

Chapter 12 is designed for “family farmers” or “family fishermen” with “regular annual income.” It enables financially distressed family farmers and fishermen to propose and carry out a plan to repay all or part of their debts. The purpose of the “regular annual income” requirement is to ensure that the debtor’s annual income is sufficiently stable and regular to permit the debtor to make payments under a chapter 12 plan. But chapter 12 makes allowance for situations in which family farmers or fishermen have income that is seasonal in nature.

Relief under chapter 12 is voluntary, and only the debtor may file a petition under the chapter.

In tailoring bankruptcy law to meet the economic realities of family farming and the family fisherman, chapter 12 eliminates many of the barriers such debtors would face if seeking to reorganize under either chapter 11 or 13 of the Bankruptcy Code. For example, chapter 12 is more streamlined, less complicated, and less expensive than chapter 11, which is better suited to large corporate reorganizations. In addition, few family farmers or fishermen find chapter 13 to be advantageous because it is designed for wage earners who have smaller debts than those facing family farmers.

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What documents need to be provided for an international adoption?


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International Adoption Documenation Adoption Law

What documents need to be provided for an international adoption?

You will be expected to provide the following documentation: proof of citizenship, marriage certificate (if a married couple), health, financial stability and information about arrests or certification of a clean criminal record. In addition, the home study (a report on the family prepared by a licensed social worker or other person licensed to perform home studies) normally is required by both the foreign government and the INS. Additional documents may be requested by the local government of the country from which you wish to adopt, your chosen adoption agency, or attorney.

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Who can perform a marriage ceremony?

Who can perform a marriage ceremony?

Usually the state laws provide any recognized member of the clergy (such as a Priest, Minister, Rabbi, Imam, Cantor, Ethical Culture Leader, etc.), or a judge, a court clerk, and justices of the peace have authority to perform a marriage. However in some states even the clergy must be first certified or licensed.

Some states have laws that permit other persons to apply for authority to perform marriage ceremonies. For example, California law permits anyone to apply for permission to become a Deputy Commissioner of Marriages — the grant of authority is valid for one day — and thus officiate at the wedding of family or friends on that one day.

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How can I bring my family or relatives to the united states permanently?

How can I bring my family or relatives to the united states permanently?

If you are a U.S. citizen, you may sponsor the following relatives to the United States:

(1) your spouse (husband or wife), and

(2) your sons and daughters (regardless of their age and whether or not they are married) and

(3) your parents, brothers and sisters (if you are age 21 or older).

If you are a Green Card holder you may petition for:

(1) your spouse (husband or wife) and

(2) your unmarried sons and daughters.

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